Sri indu college civil engineering mini projects                                                                                    -  HOD civil Department.

project 1:-

1.Capacity and Lifetime Analysis of Prestressed Slatted Floors

This study investigates the mechanical differences between old and newly produced slatted floors through a four-point bending test. To understand to what extent the actual environment has affected the slatted floors, the carbonation depth and corrosion will be examined.

The tests showed no mechanical differences between slatted floors which had been in service for a certain amount of years and newly produces ones. Corrosion could be observed on some of the samples but it was not because of the carbonation process.

When comparing the calculations of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete slatted floors, the result showed that the pre-stressed floor could carry up to double the load of what the reinforced slatted floor could.

The conclusion of this study is, that the pre-stressed slatted floors will certainly hold for at least thirty years and will most likely hold for many years to come.
Source: Linnaeus University
Authors: Hermansson, Denise | Nilsson, Olivia

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project 2:-

2.Corrosion Resistance of Weathering Steels

To reduce both the initial and the maintenance painting costs, engineers in many states have increasingly been designing bridges made of bare, exposed weathering steel. However, after many years of experience, engineers are concerned about the long-term performance of weathering steel bridges.

Nevertheless, as with all new materials, much research has been conducted to find solutions for atmospheric corrosion to enhance the successful application of weathering steel to bridges for more economic and environmental benefits Numerous representative data show the corrosion behavior not only of weathering steel, but also copper steel, and carbon steel under localized microenvironment conditions investigated by many researchers: angle of exposure, orientation, shelter, continuously moist conditions, industrial pollutants, deicing salts, galvanic corrosion, pitting, and crevices.

The results and discussions demonstrate that uncoated weathering steels should not be exposed to the following conditions: marine or a heavily industrial environment, high rainfall or humidity conditions, sheltered conditions, and some other bad design conditions. Therefore, for proper bridge design, the microenvironment, as well as the macro-environment, should be considered with caution and a study of previous experience by a corrosion engineer as a significant factor in preventing further corrosion.
Source: University of Maryland
Author: Park, Kyung

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project 3:-

3.Concrete Shrinkage Prediction using Maturity and Activation Energy

Shrinkage is a complex material response that often affects concrete in an adverse manner. The characteristics of the natural environment in which concrete is placed and the rate of strength development have been used to model the rate of shrinkage development.

Furthermore, concrete maturity has been used to predict the rate of strength development of concrete cured at different temperatures. This study sought to find a correlation between activation energy based concrete maturity and concrete shrinkage. A single concrete mixture was tested to determine the apparent activation energy of the mixture and the shrinkage under varying environmental conditions. A shrinkage model incorporating relative humidity and temperature was developed to predict the shrinkage of the concrete mixture. A relationship between concrete shrinkage and activation energy based maturity was investigated.
Source: University of Maryland
Author: Clarke, Christopher Steven

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project 4:-

3.Indigenous Materials in Modern Buildings: for Low Energy Houses in West Africa

Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. This landlocked country in the west has an extremely warm climate. Temperatures over 45°C are not uncommon and there is an almost constant need to keep the buildings cool to maintain a temperate indoor climate. Air-conditioning is an option to maintain the temperature but it overloads the power grid and only a few people can afford it.

This thesis examines, through laboratory experiments, the thermal and mechanical properties that can be obtained by vibrating clayey soil and mixing it with water, lime or cement and organic fiber (Bissap). The report also examines different building projects utilizing local materials, both of a traditional and more modern nature.

Energy required to produce building elements of soil is negligible compared to that of concrete and steel. Soil can be used in constructing houses but it is sensitive to water. The insulation is inadequate for a passive house so an extra layer of insulating material is required.

The experiments performed during this project were inconclusive so it is impossible, from the results in this paper, to say if vibration is a good method for forming a building material of soil. The high water content needed, is however a major problem, shrinkage was about 20% and cracks were hard to avoid. Further investigations into the subject is necessary.
Source: Uppsala University
Author: Persson, Staffan

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project 5:-

4.A Cohesive Downtown From a Knowledge City Perspective – A Study in Urban Planning

The escalating urbanization process has given rise to various complications in the urban structure. One of the major issues is the one concerning urban cohesion. As modern cities are facing a transformation from industrial to knowledge societies, many aspects have to be taken into consideration in the planning of cities.

This thesis aims to study the significance of a cohesive city centre from a social and spatial point of view, and to understand modern cities’ development towards innovative Knowledge Cities. The objective is to present proposals for how a unification of a fragmented downtown can be made possible seen from a Knowledge City perspective.

The two main research questions of this thesis are answered by literary reviews of existing theories in urban planning, by a case study of the downtown area in the Swedish city of Jönköping, and finally also by a design proposal showing on how urban cohesiveness can be obtained from a Knowledge City perspective.

If cities are to become successful knowledge cities they have to promote culture, attractiveness and above all an innovative urban environment. Innovation is mainly achieved by so called “innovation engines” – simple urban elements, such as a café or a library. For innovation to emerge, human interaction and meetings have to occur in the urban environment, why innovation engines are key factors in the development towards knowledge cities. As human interaction is maximized in the simple meetings between people, added interaction possibilities are enabled in public spaces such as a square or a pedestrian street.

Public spaces are used as a tool for assembling people in the city. They have positive impact on the city only when they are part of a whole, and works as a network system in the urban structure. This is why urban cohesiveness is essential in the planning of modern cities. Public space is a fundamental feature in the urban structure, endorsing coherence, urban quality and human affiliation, making it an essential element if a city is to be coherent.

Cohesion in public spaces can be regulated by the design and planning of cities and either stimulate or dampen the public areas. Gathering people creates opportunities for people to interact on an individual level and thereby stimulate each other, and it is people that need to be gathered rather than buildings. Urban activities and the complementarity between public spaces needs to promote social dynamics, which in turn enhances the urban experience, enables urban cohesion and minimizes social exclusion and urban fragmentation.
Source: Jönköping University
Author: Jacobson, Alma

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